In recent years, Romania has been actively attracting foreign professionals, providing opportunities for work and development in various sectors of the economy. In order to start working in Romania, foreign nationals must obtain a work permit, which is a key element in the process of legalising their stay and employment.
1. Categories of work permits
Romania provides for several types of work permits depending on the category of foreign workers:
- Permit for permanent workers: intended for those who plan to work on a permanent basis in a Romanian company.
- Permit for seasonal workers: for foreigners who will perform temporary work in the agricultural sector or tourism.
- Trainee authorisation: issued to foreign nationals wishing to undertake an internship in Romanian companies.
- Authorisation for Intra-Company Transferees (ICT): for those who transfer to the Romanian division of an international company.
- Highly Skilled Workers’ Permit (Blue Card): for highly skilled professionals, offering a range of benefits including the possibility of family reunification.
2. Requirements for obtaining a work permit
The process of obtaining a work permit in Romania requires the fulfilment of certain conditions and the submission of the necessary documents:
- Employment contract with a Romanian employer.
- Proof of qualification confirmed by relevant documents (diplomas, certificates).
- A medical certificate confirming the absence of diseases that pose a threat to public health.
- Certificate of absence of a criminal record.
- Confirmation of payment of the state fee for issuing the permit.
3. Application process
The application for a work permit is submitted through the Romanian employing company to the General Inspectorate for Immigration. The processing time of applications may vary, but is usually between 30 and 60 days. The employer must prove that he/she could not find a suitable candidate among EU or Romanian citizens, which justifies the need to employ a foreign employee.
4. Peculiarities of taxation of foreign workers
Foreign workers, like local residents, are obliged to pay taxes and contributions to social and pension funds in Romania. The amount of taxation may depend on the type of contract, the amount of salary and other factors. Romania offers many opportunities for foreign professionals who wish to work and develop their careers within Romanian business. It is important to prepare carefully for the process of obtaining a work permit, following all regulations and requirements to ensure successful employment in this country.
Who can work in Romania?
Romania, as a member of the European Union, offers significant employment opportunities for both EU and third country nationals. Understanding the employment regulations in Romania is essential for anyone considering this country as a potential place for work and career development.
1. Citizens of the European Union
Citizens of European Union countries, as well as of the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland, have the right to work in Romania without the need to obtain a work permit. They must register with the local migration service and obtain a registration certificate confirming their right of residence. In order to do so, they need to provide proof of employment or self-employment.
2. Third-country nationals
Non-EU/EEA nationals require a work permit to work in Romania. The following conditions must be fulfilled in order to obtain this authorisation:
- Availability of a job offer from a Romanian employer. The employer must prove that the vacancy cannot be filled by local or European staff.
- Matching qualifications and experience to the requirements of the job offered. This is confirmed by diplomas and certificates.
- Medical certificate and a certificate of no criminal record.
3. Categories of foreign workers available to work in Romania:
- Highly skilled workers (Blue Card EU): for professionals with higher education or significant experience in a particular field.
- Intra-company transferees (ICT): for those who transfer to the Romanian division of an international company.
- Seasonal workers: in the agricultural sector or the hospitality industry.
- Interns: for young professionals who want to gain professional experience.
- Researchers: for scientists and researchers involved in research projects.
4. Specifics of taxation and social security
Regardless of the country of origin, all those working in Romania are obliged to pay taxes and social contributions at the same rates as locals. This ensures their right to health care, pensions and other social guarantees. Employment in Romania offers great prospects for career and personal growth. However, successful employment requires careful preparation and understanding of local labour laws. Romania remains attractive to foreign professionals seeking to work in Europe’s dynamic economy.
How to apply for a Romania work visa
Romania, a European Union country, attracts foreign professionals with its dynamic economy and growing labour market opportunities. Obtaining a work visa to Romania is a key step for those who wish to work in this country.
1. Determining the type of visa
The first step in the process of obtaining a work visa for Romania is to determine the appropriate type of visa. There are the following categories of work visas in Romania:
- D/AM visa: to employ a foreign national for work.
- Visa type D/AU: for secondary employment (when the foreigner is already employed by a company that has a branch or representative office in Romania).
2. Collection of necessary documents
A number of documents will be required to apply for a work visa, including:
- Completed visa application form.
- Two 3×4 cm colour photos.
- A valid passport.
- Proof of employment from an employer in Romania.
- Documents confirming qualifications and work experience.
- Health insurance policy.
3. issuing an invitation from the employer
One of the most important steps is to obtain an invitation from a Romanian employer registered with the Romanian Immigration Inspectorate. The employer must provide the inspectorate with all the necessary documents, including proof of the vacancy and whether the candidate’s qualifications meet the requirements of the position.
4. Applying for a visa
Once the invitation is approved, you can apply to the Romanian consulate or embassy in your country of residence. It is important to clarify the timeframe for processing applications and the possibility of making an appointment for an interview.
5. Interview and waiting for a decision
At the interview, the candidate will have to present all original documents and answer questions from the consular officer. The interview is followed by a waiting period for a decision on the visa, which can take from several weeks to several months.
6. Entering Romania and obtaining a residence permit
After obtaining a visa and arriving in Romania, it is necessary to apply to the local immigration inspectorate for a temporary residence permit. This document will serve as the basis for legal residence and work in Romania for the duration of the visa. The process of obtaining a work visa to Romania requires careful preparation and understanding of local legal requirements. It is important to start preparing for this process well in advance, taking into account all possible delays and the need to collect an extensive package of documents. The employer in Romania plays a key role in this process, so it is important to choose the place of future employment carefully and make sure that it is reliable and legal.
Work visa requirements in Romania
Romania, as a country with an actively developing economy within the European Union, attracts many foreign specialists. In order to work legally in Romania, foreigners need to obtain a work visa, the process of which is regulated by strict requirements and procedures.
1. Categories of work visas
Romania has several types of work visas, each of which corresponds to specific employment conditions:
- D/AM visa: for employment in a main job.
- D/AU visa: for secondary employment (for employees of companies with representative offices or branches in Romania).
2. basic requirements
To successfully apply for a work visa, a candidate must fulfil a number of requirements:
- Existence of a work contract with a Romanian employer, pre-approved by the Territorial Labour Inspectorate.
- Diplomas and certificates confirming qualifications.
- Health insurance for the entire period of stay.
- Sufficient financial security to prove the ability to support yourself during your stay.
- Certificate of no criminal record from the country of permanent residence.
3. Application process
The process of applying for a work visa begins with preparing and gathering the necessary package of documents, which includes:
- Visa application form.
- Two passport size colour photos.
- A valid passport with at least two blank pages.
- Documents confirming employment and qualifications.
4. Submitting an application
The application for a work visa is submitted in person at the consular section of the Romanian embassy or consulate in the applicant’s country of residence. It is important to note that a prior appointment is required through the electronic system or by phone.
5. Interview
After submitting the documents, the applicant will be invited for an interview to verify the authenticity of the submitted documents and the applicant’s compliance with the requirements for obtaining a work visa.
6. Visa decision
The decision to issue a work visa is taken within 30-60 days. In case of a favourable decision, the applicant receives a visa that allows him/her to enter Romania and start working. Obtaining a work visa to Romania is a process that requires careful preparation and strict compliance with the Romanian migration legislation. Correct paperwork and its timely submission significantly increase the chances of successfully obtaining a work visa. Employers and candidates should carefully study all requirements and ensure that they are fulfilled to ensure legal employment in Romania.
Long-stay visa types for working in Romania
For foreign nationals seeking to work in Romania, there are several types of long-term visas, each of which is designed for certain categories of workers and has its own specific requirements.
1. D/AM visa – for employment purposes
This visa category is intended for foreigners who have received a job offer from a Romanian employer. The main condition for obtaining a D/AM visa is the existence of a valid employment contract registered and approved by the Territorial Labour Inspectorate in Romania.
Requirements:
- Confirmation of job availability from the employer.
- Matching the applicant’s qualifications to the requirements of the position.
- Documents confirming education and qualifications.
2. Visa category D/AU – for secondary employment
This type of visa is intended for foreign employees of international companies who are already employed by that company outside Romania and who require a transfer to a Romanian branch or representative office.
Requirements:
- Existence of a valid employment contract with the company.
- Proof of employment with the company for at least 6 months prior to transfer.
- Confirmation from the Romanian branch office of the vacancy.
3. D/AC visa – for researchers and academic staff
This type of visa is provided for scientists and researchers who are invited by Romanian educational or scientific institutions to participate in research projects.
Requirements:
- Invitation from an accredited academic institution.
- Existence of a contract or agreement on scientific activities.
- Proof of financial support for the period of stay.
4. D/AD visa – for drivers of international transport
This type of visa is issued to drivers carrying out international freight or passenger transport to the territory of Romania.
Requirements:
- A driving licence of the appropriate category.
- Contract with a Romanian or foreign transport company.
- Documents supporting the itinerary and schedule.
Procedure for applying for a long-term visa
The procedure starts with filling out an application form and collecting the necessary documents, including passport, photographs, education and qualification documents, health insurance and a criminal record certificate. The application is then submitted through the Romanian consulate or embassy in the applicant’s country of residence. After reviewing the documents and conducting an interview, if the decision is favourable, the applicant is issued a visa allowing entry and work in Romania. Choosing the right type of visa and careful preparation for the application process greatly simplifies the process of obtaining a work permit in Romania. It is recommended to seek advice from migration law specialists to ensure compliance with all requirements and to speed up the visa application process.
Who needs a Romania employment Visa?
A work visa to Romania is a prerequisite for foreign nationals seeking legal employment in Romania. The process of obtaining a work visa is regulated by Romanian migration legislation and understanding it is crucial for successful integration into the Romanian labour market.
Categories of foreign nationals requiring a work visa
- Foreign professionals: Foreigners who receive a job offer from a Romanian employer and who have the qualifications required for a certain position must apply for a D/AM visa. These can be IT specialists, engineers, medical professionals and other professionals.
- Highly skilled professionals: Such professionals may qualify for the EU Blue Card, which is issued on the basis of a D/AM visa, if their employment contract is for at least one year and the salary offered is several times the national average salary.
- Academics and researchers: Scientists engaged by Romanian scientific institutions to participate in research projects must obtain a D/AC visa intended for academics and researchers.
- Intra-Company Transfer (ICT – Intra-Company Transfer): Employees who are already working in a foreign company and are transferred to its Romanian division need a D/AU visa. This applies to managerial staff as well as to key specialists or trainees.
- Drivers of international vehicles: Drivers engaged in international transport of goods or passengers must obtain a D/AD visa in order to legally perform their duties in Romania.
Basic requirements for obtaining a work visa
- A labour contract with a Romanian employer that meets the minimum wage requirements.
- Proof of professional qualifications as evidenced by diplomas, certificates and references.
- Health insurance covering the entire period of intended stay.
- Sufficient means of subsistence for the entire period of stay in Romania.
- A certificate of no criminal record from the country of origin and countries where the applicant has lived for more than one year in the last five years.
The process of applying for a work visa
The application for a work visa is submitted through the Romanian diplomatic missions abroad. The process includes pre-registration, submission of all necessary documents, an interview and waiting for a decision. The processing time of the application may vary, but usually takes between 30 and 60 days. A work visa to Romania is a prerequisite for foreign nationals who wish to be legally employed in this country. Understanding the visa categories and requirements will help potential candidates successfully complete the application process and ensure compliance with Romanian migration laws.
How to apply for a Romania work visa?
For foreign nationals planning to work in Romania, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate work visa. This process involves the preparation of documents, fulfilment of formalities and compliance with Romanian legal requirements.
Step 1: Confirmation of employment
The first step is to obtain a job offer from a Romanian employer. The employer must confirm the vacancy with the Romanian Territorial Inspectorate of Labour and Social Protection. In order to do so, he/she needs to provide information about the position, the working conditions and the salary offered, which must meet minimum industry standards.
Step 2: Gathering the necessary documents
The applicant needs to prepare the following package of documents:
- Completed visa application form.
- A valid passport with at least two free pages, the validity period of which exceeds the validity period of the requested visa by three months.
- Colour passport size photographs.
- Labour contract signed with the Romanian employer.
- Certificate of no criminal record.
- Health insurance for the period of stay in Romania.
- Proof of financial solvency (bank statements or salary certificate).
Step 3: Applying for a visa
The visa application is submitted in person at the Romanian Embassy or Consulate in the applicant’s country of residence. Some consulates require an appointment, which can be made online or by phone. A consular fee must be paid at the time of application, the amount of which may vary depending on the country and the specifics of the visa.
Step 4: Getting an interview
At the interview, the applicant provides all original documents and answers the consular officer’s questions regarding the purpose of stay in Romania and the conditions of employment. This is an important stage at which the consular services assess the reliability and seriousness of the applicant’s intentions.
Step 5: Obtaining a visa
Once the application is approved, the applicant is issued a visa that allows him/her to enter Romania. The work visa is usually issued for the duration of the labour contract. Upon arrival in Romania, the applicant must apply to the local immigration office for a residence permit. Obtaining a work visa to Romania is a multi-step process that requires care and precision in the preparation of documents. Compliance with all formalities and correct application significantly increases the chances of successfully obtaining a visa and subsequent employment in Romania.
Required documents for a Romania employment visa
Obtaining a work visa to Romania is a key step for foreign nationals seeking legal employment in this country. The preparation of a complete and accurate set of documents plays a crucial role in successful visa application.
1. Visa application
The first and mandatory document is the visa application form. The application form must be filled out in English or Romanian, clearly and without corrections. Each item of the application form must be filled in according to the information in the passport and other supporting documents.
2. Valid passport
The passport must be valid for at least three months after the expected visa expiry date and contain at least two blank pages. It is important to provide copies of all completed passport pages.
3. Photos
Two colour passport-size photographs conforming to ICAO standards must be submitted. Photographs must be current and clearly show the applicant’s face.
4. Documents confirming employment
This is one of the key components of the application package. The applicant must provide a copy of the employment contract with the Romanian employer, which must include information on the position, working conditions, salary and the duration of the contract.
5. Certificate of no criminal record
A criminal record certificate must be issued by the competent authorities of the applicant’s country of residence. This document must not be older than six months at the time of visa application.
6. Health insurance
Health insurance must cover the entire period of intended stay in Romania. The insurance should cover not only emergency medical care, but also possible repatriation costs for medical reasons.
7. Evidence of financial solvency
Applicants must prove that they have sufficient financial means to live in Romania for the duration of the visa. This can be confirmed with bank statements or a salary certificate from their place of work.
8. Confirmation of housing
It is necessary to provide documents proving the availability of accommodation in Romania for the period of stay. This may be a rental agreement or a letter from the employer confirming the provision of accommodation. The preparation of all the documents listed above must be carried out with special care and attention to detail. Any mistakes or deficiencies may lead to a delay or refusal to issue a visa. It is recommended to start the preparation process well in advance and to consult with professionals or the Romanian diplomatic mission in case of questions or need for clarification of information.
Where to apply for a Romania work visa?
Obtaining a work visa to Romania requires an understanding of the application process and choosing the right place to do it. For foreign nationals wishing to work in Romania, it is important to know where and how to apply for a visa so that the process goes as smoothly and without delays as possible.
Diplomatic representations of Romania
The main place to apply for a work visa is the Romanian diplomatic representations, such as embassies and consulates located abroad. This is the most traditional and common way. Applying to these institutions involves several key steps:
- Pre-registration: Most embassies and consulates require an appointment to submit an application. This can be done over the phone or through online services, if available.
- Counselling: Many diplomatic missions offer visa and migration counselling services, which can be helpful in clarifying requirements and preparing necessary documents.
- Submission of documents: At the reception at the embassy or consulate, the applicant needs to submit a full package of documents including application form, photographs, passport, employment contract, health insurance and other related papers.
Online platforms
In some cases, visa applications can be submitted through online platforms. This process may involve electronic submission of forms and documents, which is convenient and reduces waiting time. However, even with online submission, personal attendance is usually required for biometrics or interviews.
Accredited agencies
Some countries allow visa applications to be submitted through accredited agencies or intermediary organisations. These agencies can provide a full range of services, including assistance in completing application forms, translating documents and preparing for interviews. The use of such agencies may be useful for applicants who are unsure of their abilities or who are unable to visit a diplomatic mission in person.
Important points when submitting an application
- Information check: Always check the information about visa requirements on the official website of the diplomatic mission or the Romanian government, as visa regulations may change.
- Document Preparation: Ensure that all documents are prepared correctly and meet the requirements. Incomplete or incorrectly prepared documents may result in a delay or refusal of the visa application.
- Submission deadlines: Submit your visa application well in advance, taking into account possible processing times and potential delays.
The choice of where to apply for a work visa to Romania depends on many factors, including the location of the applicant, the availability of diplomatic missions and personal preferences. Understanding all available options and requirements will optimise the process of obtaining a work visa and speed up entry into Romania to start work.
Processing time for Romania work visa
Romania attracts many foreign investors and entrepreneurs due to its strategic position in Europe, stable economy and loyal tax policy. Of course, one of the key aspects to consider when planning a business in Romania is the process of obtaining a work visa.
1. Steps in applying for a work visa to Romania
The process of applying for a work visa starts with obtaining a work permit from the Romanian General Inspectorate for Immigration. After receiving this approval, the applicant can apply for a D-type work visa.
Key steps include:
- Applying for a work permit.
- Submission of documents for a work visa once the work permit has been approved.
2. Timeframes for processing applications
Processing times may vary depending on several factors, including the accuracy of the documentation provided and the overall workload of consular services. However, typical processing times for work permit applications range from 30 to 60 days. Once the work permit is granted, the visa processing usually takes between 10 and 30 days.
3. Factors affecting processing time
The main factors that can affect the speed of processing an application include:
- Completeness and accuracy of documentation provided.
- The workload of the consulate or diplomatic mission through which the application is made.
- Seasonal fluctuations in the number of applications, especially during tourist seasons.
4. Tips to speed up the process
To minimise waiting times it is recommended:
- Carefully check the completeness and accuracy of all documents before submission.
- Utilise the services of professional legal and migration advisors to prepare and submit documentation.
- Apply during the low season when it takes less time to process applications.
Following the described procedures and recommendations will help minimise waiting times and ensure a more predictable process of obtaining a work visa to Romania. Obtaining a work visa is just one of the many aspects to consider when planning to start a business in this country, but its importance cannot be overestimated as it directly affects the possibility to start working and doing business in Romania.
Taxes in Romania for foreign workers
Romania offers an attractive environment for foreign investors and employees, including a competitive tax system. Understanding Romania’s tax policy helps foreign employees and entrepreneurs make informed decisions when planning business activities in Romania.
1. General information on taxation in Romania
Romania uses a progressive tax system for individuals. It is important to know that foreign workers are taxed on income earned in Romania and may also be taxed on global income depending on their residency.
2. Tax status of foreign workers
A foreign employee may be recognised as a tax resident of Romania if he/she resides in the country for more than 183 days in any 12-month period. Tax residents are obliged to pay tax on all their income, regardless of the source. Non-residents are taxed only on income earned in Romania.
3. tax rates for foreign workers
The income tax rate for individuals in Romania is 10%. This rate applies to both residents and non-residents on income earned in the territory of the country.
4. Social contributions
In addition to income tax, foreign employees are required to pay social contributions, which include pension contributions, unemployment insurance and health insurance. The overall level of social contributions can reach approximately 25-35% of salary, depending on the specific terms of the employment contract.
5. Specifics of taxation depending on the country of origin
Romania has double tax treaties with many countries, which may significantly affect the taxation of foreign employees’ income. It is recommended to consult a tax advisor to determine the specific taxation conditions, taking into account the treaties between Romania and the employee’s country of origin. Planning and managing tax obligations in Romania requires a thorough understanding of the local tax system. Foreign employees and businesses should pay attention not only to federal tax rates, but also to possible regional peculiarities and international treaties that may affect their final tax obligations in Romania. Timely consultation with professionals and accurate tax compliance will help to avoid legal complexities and optimise tax costs.
Minimum wage in Romania
Romania, an emerging economy in Eastern Europe, presents significant opportunities for international investors and entrepreneurs. However, successful business activities need to take into account local economic conditions, including wage regulation.
1. Current minimum wage
For 2024, the minimum wage in Romania is set at 3,000 lei (approximately 600 euros) per month for full-time work. This figure is revised annually by the Romanian government, taking into account the economic situation in the country and inflation.
2. Regulation of the minimum wage
The minimum wage in Romania is determined by national legislation, and its change is usually accompanied by a broad public and professional debate. The legislation provides for different minimum rates for different categories of workers, including separate rates for skilled workers.
3. Impact on employment
The minimum wage has a direct impact on the labour market. On the one hand, it provides workers with a guaranteed minimum income, contributing to poverty reduction. On the other hand, too high a minimum can put pressure on small and medium-sized businesses, especially in regions with low economic activity, increasing their labour costs.
4. Comparison with other EU countries
Romania’s minimum wage is one of the lowest in the European Union, which makes the country attractive for foreign investment in labour-intensive industries. However, it may also cause an outflow of skilled labour to higher-paying EU countries.
5. Practical tips for business
Entrepreneurs planning to open a business in Romania or to hire local workers should take into account the current level of the minimum wage when setting the labour budget. This will allow not only to comply with national legislation, but also to effectively manage staff costs.
Conclusion
The minimum wage is an important economic indicator that reflects the country’s standard of living and its economic policy. For foreign investors and businessmen wishing to work in Romania, it is important not only to understand the current legal requirements, but also to anticipate possible changes in this area in order to optimise their business operations and human resource management.